Along the River During the Qingming Festival

"Along the River During the Qingming Festival"

是中国十大传世名画之一，其背后蕴含着丰富的文化故事。

It is one of the ten most famous paintings handed down in China, and it contains rich cultural stories behind it.

一、创作背景

Background of creation

《清明上河图》是北宋画家张择端创作的一幅长卷风俗画。

"Along the River During the Qingming Festival" is a long scroll of folk paintings created by Zhang Zeduan, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty.

这幅画以长卷形式，生动记录了北宋都城东京（今河南开封）的城市生活景象。

This painting vividly records the urban life scenes of Dongjing (now Kaifeng, Henan), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, in the form of a long scroll.

画中描绘了清明时节的北宋都城汴京以及汴河两岸的自然风光和繁荣景象。

The painting depicts the natural scenery and prosperous scenes of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the two sides of the Bian River during the Qingming Festival.

二、画作内容

Content of the painting

画作全长528.7厘米，高24.8厘米，采用散点透视构图法，生动记录了中国十二世纪北宋都城东京的城市面貌。

The painting is 528.7 cm long and 24.8 cm high. It uses a scattered perspective composition method to vividly record the urban appearance of Dongjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty in China in the 12th century.

这在我国乃至世界绘画史上都是独一无二的。

This is unique in the history of painting in my country and even in the world.

据说，张择端在创作此画时，融入了他对当时社会的深刻观察。

It is said that when Zhang Zeduan created this painting, he incorporated his profound observation of the society at that time.

1.汴京郊野春光：画卷从右至左展开，首先呈现的是汴京郊野的春光，有驮着木炭的小毛驴向城市走来，还有在田间劳作的农夫。

Spring in the countryside of Bianjing: The scroll unfolds from right to left, and the first thing presented is the spring in the countryside of Bianjing, with a donkey carrying charcoal walking towards the city, and farmers working in the fields.

2.汴河两岸情景：接着是汴河两岸的景象，这是整幅画的核心部分。

Scenes on both sides of the Bian River: Next is the scene on both sides of the Bian River, which is the core of the whole painting.

汴河是北宋时期的漕运枢纽，河上船只往来，一艘艘满载货物的大船正在运输物资。

The Bian River was a water transport hub in the Northern Song Dynasty. Ships traveled on the river, and large ships full of cargo were transporting materials.

有的船正在卸货，码头工人忙碌地搬运着货物。

Some ships were unloading, and dock workers were busy carrying goods.

汴河上的大桥是一座木质拱桥，桥上车水马龙，人来人往，有赶着毛驴的行脚商人、坐轿的达官贵人、挑着担子的小商贩等。

The bridge over the Bian River is a wooden arch bridge, with a lot of traffic and people coming and going on the bridge, including traveling merchants driving donkeys, dignitaries sitting in sedan chairs, and small vendors carrying loads.

  3.汴京市区街道：画卷的左端是汴京的市区街道，这里有各种各样的店铺，还有官府的衙门等建筑。

Streets in the urban area of Bianjing: The left end of the scroll is the streets in the urban area of Bianjing, where there are various shops and government buildings such as government offices.

街上行人熙熙攘攘，有妇女带着孩子逛街，有老人拄着拐杖缓慢行走，还有一群人围在说书人的周围听书。

The streets are bustling with people, including women with children shopping, old people walking slowly with crutches, and a group of people listening to the storyteller.

整个画面中人物形象生动，男女老少、士农工商，各个阶层的人物都有，他们的服饰、表情、动作等都描绘得细致入微。

The characters in the whole picture are vivid, including men, women, old and young, scholars, farmers, merchants, and people from all walks of life. Their costumes, expressions, movements, etc. are all depicted in detail.

画中不仅展现了汴京的繁华景象，还暗含了诸多社会矛盾和危机。

The painting not only shows the prosperous scene of Bianjing, but also implies many social contradictions and crises.

例如，画中的官马受惊闯入集市，暗喻官民矛盾；

For example, the official horse in the painting was frightened and ran into the market, which is a metaphor for the contradiction between officials and the people;

望火楼变为凉亭，驻屯军守变为饭铺，反映了北宋末年军事力量的削弱和荒废；

The fire watchtower turned into a pavilion, and the garrison guard turned into a restaurant, reflecting the weakening and abandonment of military power in the late Northern Song Dynasty;

官员的不作为、士兵的懒惰消极，以及私家粮船涌入京城等现象，都揭示了当时社会的种种问题。

The inaction of officials, the laziness and passivity of soldiers, and the influx of private grain ships into the capital, all reveal the various problems of the society at that time.

画面上，人物、牲畜和交通工具多达数千，房屋、桥梁、城楼等建筑也错落有致。

There are thousands of people, livestock and transportation vehicles in the picture, and buildings such as houses, bridges, and towers are also scattered.

画中人物衣饰不同，神情各异，栩栩如生，其间穿插各种活动，如车水马龙、舟船往来、店铺林立、买卖兴隆等，构成了一幅宋代社会生活的缩影。

The characters in the painting are dressed in different clothes and have different expressions, which are lifelike. Various activities are interspersed in between, such as the bustling traffic, boats, shops, and booming business, which constitute a microcosm of social life in the Song Dynasty.

三、文化寓意

Cultural Implication

《清明上河图》不仅是一幅杰出的绘画作品，更是一部生动的历史文献。

"Along the River During the Qingming Festival" is not only an outstanding painting, but also a vivid historical document.

它为我们提供了一个直观的视角，让我们了解到北宋时期的城市面貌、商业活动、交通运输、建筑风格、人物服饰等方面的信息。

It provides us with an intuitive perspective, allowing us to understand the city appearance, commercial activities, transportation, architectural style, character clothing and other aspects of the Northern Song Dynasty.

这幅画不仅是艺术作品，也是研究北宋时期城市经济、文化、民俗等方面的重要历史资料。

This painting is not only a work of art, but also an important historical material for studying the urban economy, culture, folk customs and other aspects of the Northern Song Dynasty.

四、艺术价值

Artistic Value

在艺术上，《清明上河图》具有极高的价值。

In terms of art, "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" has extremely high value.

它采用了长卷形式，以精细的笔触和生动的色彩描绘了广阔的社会生活画面。

It adopts the form of a long scroll, depicting a broad picture of social life with fine brushstrokes and vivid colors.

画中的线条流畅，人物造型准确，色彩丰富而和谐，展现了画家高超的绘画技艺和深厚的艺术修养。

The lines in the painting are smooth, the characters are accurately shaped, and the colors are rich and harmonious, showing the painter's superb painting skills and profound artistic accomplishment.

此外，画中还巧妙地运用了透视和构图技巧，使得整个画面既具有立体感又富有节奏感。

In addition, the painting also cleverly uses perspective and composition techniques, making the whole picture both three-dimensional and rhythmic.

五、历史影响

Historical influence

《清明上河图》自问世以来，就受到了广泛的关注和赞誉。

Since its appearance, "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" has received widespread attention and praise.

它不仅是中国古代绘画的杰出代表之一，更是世界文化遗产的重要组成部分。

It is not only one of the outstanding representatives of ancient Chinese painting, but also an important part of the world's cultural heritage.

如今，《清明上河图》已被收藏于故宫博物院等博物馆中供人们观赏和学习。

Today, "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" has been collected in museums such as the Palace Museum for people to watch and learn.

它成为了中国绘画艺术史上的经典之作，对后世的绘画艺术产生了深远的影响。

It has become a classic in the history of Chinese painting art and has had a profound impact on the painting art of later generations.

综上所述，《清明上河图》不仅是一幅杰出的绘画作品，更是一部生动的历史文献和文化遗产。

In summary, "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" is not only an outstanding painting, but also a vivid historical document and cultural heritage.

它以其独特的艺术魅力和深厚的历史底蕴成为了中国绘画艺术史上的瑰宝。

It has become a treasure in the history of Chinese painting art with its unique artistic charm and profound historical heritage.

此外，《清明上河图》在流传过程中也经历了许多传奇故事，敬请期待（下）的故事！！！

In addition, "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" has also experienced many legendary stories during its circulation. Please look forward to the story (below)! ! !

综上所述，《清明上河图》不仅是一幅杰出的绘画作品，更是一部生动的历史文献和文化遗产。

In summary, "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" is not only an outstanding painting, but also a vivid historical document and cultural heritage.

它以其独特的艺术魅力和深厚的历史底蕴成为了中国绘画艺术史上的瑰宝。

It has become a treasure in the history of Chinese painting art with its unique artistic charm and profound historical heritage.

此外，《清明上河图》在流传过程中也经历了许多传奇故事，敬请期待（下）的故事！！！

In addition, "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" has also experienced many legendary stories during its circulation. Please look forward to the story (below)! ! !